A Pattern of Possibility: Maxine Hong Kingston\u27s Woman Warrior

Maxine Hong Kingston is one of the many contemporary American novelists of non-European ethnicities and one of many women novelists who have found in mythology and folklore both stories and images which can transform the genre by providing novel patterns of order and meronymic language. These inclusive patterns and words help expand our perspective as they encompass both the linear and cyclical stories of the individual within the context of communal and social, mythic and historic, truths. In The Woman Warrior, the complex frog knot of her female heritage is untied for us not only to open up women\u27s possible stories but also to offer her readers the variety which keeps us sane, freeing us from a dominant discourse which convincingly describes the inevitable tragedy of our common death but often fails to remind us of the simultaneous richness of our uncommon lives

Comparison of predicted and experimental real-gas pressure distributions on space shuttle orbiter nose for shuttle entry air data system

An experimental investigation of inviscid real-gas effects on the pressure distribution along the Space Shuttle Orbiter nose center line up to an angle of attack of 32 deg was performed in support of the Shuttle Entry Air Data System (SEADS). Free-stream velocities from 4.8 to 6.6 kn/s were generated at hypersonic conditions with helium, air, and CO2, resulting in normal-shock density ratios from 3.7 to 18.4. The experimental results for pressure distribution agreed closely with numerical results. Modified Newtonian theory deviates from both experiment and the numerical results as angle of attack increases or shock density ratio decreases. An evaluation of the use of modified Newtonian theory for predicting SEADS pressure distributions in actual flight conditions was made through comparison with numerical predictions

Semi-implicit and fully implicit shock-capturing methods for hyperbolic conservation laws with stiff source terms

Some numerical aspects of finite-difference algorithms for nonlinear multidimensional hyperbolic conservation laws with stiff nonhomogenous (source) terms are discussed. If the stiffness is entirely dominated by the source term, a semi-implicit shock-capturing method is proposed provided that the Jacobian of the soruce terms possesses certain properties. The proposed semi-implicit method can be viewed as a variant of the Bussing and Murman point-implicit scheme with a more appropriate numerical dissipation for the computation of strong shock waves. However, if the stiffness is not solely dominated by the source terms, a fully implicit method would be a better choice. The situation is complicated by problems that are higher than one dimension, and the presence of stiff source terms further complicates the solution procedures for alternating direction implicit (ADI) methods. Several alternatives are discussed. The primary motivation for constructing these schemes was to address thermally and chemically nonequilibrium flows in the hypersonic regime. Due to the unique structure of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for fluid flows of this type, the computation can be simplified, thus providing a more efficient solution procedure than one might have anticipated

Experimental perfect-gas study of expansion-tube flow characteristics

Results of an experimental investigation of expansion tube flow characteristics performed with helium test gas and acceleration gas are presented. The use of helium, eliminates complex real gas chemistry in the comparison of measured and predicted flow quantities. The driver gas was unheated helium at a nominal pressure of 33 MN sq m. The quiescent test gas pressure and quiescent acceleration gas pressure were varied from 0.7 to 50 kN/sq m and from 2.5 to 53 N/sq m, respectively. The effects of tube-wall boundary layer growth and finite secondary diaphragm opening time were examined through the variation of the quiescent gas pressures and secondary diaphragm thickness. Optimum operating conditions for helium test gas were also defined

Misusing Procedural Devices to Dismiss an Environmental Lawsuit—Lugan v. National Wildlife Federation, 110 S. Ct. 3177 (1990)

In Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation, the Supreme Court upheld a grant of summary judgment against the National Wildlife Federation for lack of standing. The Court held that the federation failed to sufficiently claim specific injury to federation members. The Court also stated in dicta that the federation\u27s claims were not ripe for review. The opinion does not apply precedent regarding summary judgment to the standing inquiry, and fails to apply precedent regarding ripeness to the facts of the case. This Note examines the reasoning of the Lujan Court, and compares the results reached with those suggested by unapplied precedents. Because applying the precedents would lead to a contrary result that is more desirable for policy reasons, this Note concludes that the Court erred in disregarding precedent. This Note suggests that properly applying precedents would have led to more carefully considered agency decisions, greater protection of the environment, and closer compliance with duly enacted laws by administrative agencies

The 1980 land cover for the Puget Sound region

Both LANDSAT imagery and the video information communications and retrieval software were used to develop a land cover classifiction of the Puget Sound of Washington. Planning agencies within the region were provided with a highly accurate land cover map registered to the 1980 census tracts which could subsequently be incorporated as one data layer in a multi-layer data base. Many historical activities related to previous land cover mapping studies conducted in the Puget Sound region are summarized. Valuable insight into conducting a project with a large community of users and in establishing user confidence in a multi-purpose land cover map derived from LANDSAT is provided

Persistent risk for new, subsequent new and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma despite successful anti-hepatitis B virus therapy and tumor ablation: The need for hepatitis B virus cure.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most significant hepatocarcinogens. The ultimate goal of anti-HBV treatment is to prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During the last two decades, with the use of currently available anti-HBV therapies (lamivudine, entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumatate), there has been a decrease in the incidence of HBV-associated HCC (HBV-HCC). Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated a reduction in recurrent or new HCC development after initial HCC tumor ablation. However, during an observation period spanning 10 to 20 years, several case reports have demonstrated the development of new, subsequent new and recurrent HCC even in patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA. The persistent risk for HCC is attributed to the presence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the hepatocyte nucleus which continues to work as a template for HBV replication. While a functional cure (loss of hepatitis B surface antigen and undetectable viral DNA) can be attained with nucleos(t)ide analogues, these therapies do not eliminate cccDNA. Of utmost importance is successful eradication of the transcriptionally active HBV cccDNA from hepatocyte nuclei which would be considered a complete cure. The unpredictable nature of HCC development in patients with chronic HBV infection shows the need for a complete cure. Continued support and encouragement for research efforts aimed at developing curative therapies is imperative. The aims of this minireview are to highlight these observations and emphasize the need for a cure for HBV